Integrating Security and Usability into the Requirements and Design Research Paper

Integrating Security and Usability into the Requirements and Design Process - Research Paper Example The user interface design of the touch screen register has features that enable it to attain security. First, the new system enforces access controls by requiring that every cashier supplies a matching pair of user-id and password in order to log in to the register. It is not only helpful in preventing non-legitimate access to the register, but also provides a good avenue to introduce role-based authentication. Moreover, it will be possible associating a given cashier with a certain workstation, and in certain instances, it is possible associating a cashier with a certain workgroup. Second, the registers ability to lock after four unsuccessful login attempts is a good strategy to suppress the efforts of brute force attackers and malicious insiders who will constantly use trial and error in a bid to gain unauthorized access to the system. Further, the safety of information stored therein is enhanced by the condition that only the managers can use a keycard to unlock the register follo wing unsuccessful login attempts. Finally, unauthorized access is also prevented by the registers ability to lock if the screen does not get touched for a period of three minutes. The system also features certain security utilities that to some extent collide with the usability. First, the restriction that only the cashier who was authenticated before the system locked will be in a position to unlock it is a feature that prevents the idea of other end-users performing malicious acts on other peoples account profile. Otherwise, new cashiers would need to restart the system. The tool also increases accountability whilst enhancing the systems intention to associate every action with a particular user (Wysocki, 2013).  

Recruitment and Selection Essay Example for Free

Recruitment and Selection Essay 1.0 Attracting and Recruiting Tesco The priority for Tesco is to recruit internally; potential applicants are scouted with their Talent Plan to fill a vacancy. Employees looking for a promotion are targeted first, if there are no compatible people in the Talent Plan or developing within the businesses internal management program then Tesco will advertise the vacancy internally on its staff website for two weeks. Benefits †¢An incentive for employees to work hard therefore rewards good employees. †¢Cost Effective due to not having to advertise externally in expensive mediums e. g. magazines, newspapers etc. †¢The business is already familiar with the skills and capability of the candidates. †¢Motivation can occur as it provides an increase in employee empowerment. †¢Shorter introduction period needed as the candidate is already familiar with the operations and activities of the business. (hrcap.com) Disadvantages †¢Limited applicants given that you are only able to choose from the pool within the business. †¢Lack of new ideas and perspectives introduced externally as people on the outside may have different experiences from business that they have work for in the past and innovative ideas. †¢May cause conflict between potential candidates and resentment from those not promoted or not given the opportunity. †¢As the employee(s) gets promoted this creates another vacancy. (tutor2u.net) McDonald’s Every restaurant franchise is responsible for filling hourly-paid positions this is empowered through McDonalds recruitment policy. The management recruitment department generally advertises the position in the restaurant for recruiting hourly paid employees. However, there are other method that they use such as job centers, careers fairs and other local facilities. Benefits †¢People on the outside can bring in new ideas and perfective that can aid innovation and improve productivity. †¢Larger pool of potential applicants from which to find the best candidate. †¢May reduce training expenses by as experienced candidates can be employed. †¢Diversifies the business, helps company’s aims of meeting their diversity requirements. †¢Does not create conflict between employees. (blurtit.com) Disadvantages †¢Longer process due the need to attract externally. †¢More costly from the requirement of interviewing and advertising. †¢Could cause morale problems as internal candidates are not given the opportunity for a promotion. †¢Requires longer orientation or introduction period. †¢Selection process may not be effective to reveal the best candidate. (Aswathappa, K. 2005) 2.0 HR Planning A systematic process for identifying the human resources required to meet organisational goals and developing strategies to meet those requirements. It defines the activities necessary to have the right people with the right skills in the right place at the right time. (cs.ny.gov) Tesco Given that Tescos is putting emphasis on growth, the company needs to recruit regularly to keep up with the demands of the business and its operations for both food and non-food parts of the business. The process runs annually from end of February. Quarterly reviews in May, August and November are used to assess current staffing levels and whether recruitment is needed. McDonalds McDonalds labor turnover is usually high due to the most of them being in education (varies from differing franchises) hence HR planning is a monthly process that requires the assessment of staff that are leaving and therefore the need to evaluate whether recruiting new staff is needed. Advantages †¢The company anticipates future needs of the organisation and evaluates whether appropriate action is needed in effect preventing potential problems before they arise which ultimately increases the overall efficiency of the business good workforce planning is a source of competitive advantage. (ehow.com) †¢HR planning takes a proactive approach in ensuring that the corporate objective is met by aiding the businesss operations. Therefore it allows managers to prepare and plan for changes rather than reacting to changes as they come. Hence HR planning is a good strategic decision making tool. (tutor2u.net) †¢Businesses that are in market with high external changes e.g. Mobile Phone market technology. The business can better react work force implications such as employing someone that have a particular set of skills to match the competition. (datapole.hubpages.com) Potential issues †¢Implementing the decisions made from the HR plan may be difficult due to cost. Most of the decisions made from the HR planning have cost implications e.g. new training, extra recruitment, and redundancies. The cost need to be evaluated relative to the corporate objective and whether the decision aids in meeting the objective(s). (tutor2u.net) 3.0 Equality Act 2010 The Equality Act 2010 is the law which bans unfair treatment and helps achieve equal opportunities in the workplace and in wider society. (homeoffice.gov.uk) The human resource department is responsible for implementing the act given that the act is aimed at recruitment and the selection process and the working environment. Tesco enforces this act in the recruitment process by not including questions about religion, sexual orientation and age on the application form. Tesco has implemented a diversity strategy, Tesco’s aim to employ people from disabled or disadvantaged groups. Tesco offers an interview guarantee to candidates from Remploy, Shaw Trust and Whizz-Kidz three organisations that work with disabled people. McDonalds believes success is due to the experiences and the quality of their employees. Their aim is to develop employees’ talents, whilst nurturing their differences. To ensure equality and diversity McDonalds implements policies and monitors and reviews them regularly to maintain their effectiveness. For an example in application form there are not questions regarding age, sex or race. Through Diversity Awareness Training, Managers Guide Training, the Employee Handbook, managers will make certain every employees are trained and made aware of their responsibilities under the equality and diversity policies. Moreover, employees have an option on joining internal programs and employee business networks that serve to provide a sense of community in a diverse work place such networks include: Hispanic Employee Network, McDonald’s African American Council, and McDonald’s Gay Lesbian Allies Network. Moreover, they provide information, education, and advice for both the employees and the company. Benefits †¢Creates a good image an ethical corporate image. †¢Attracts and retain talent from the widest range and best possible pool of potential candidates for the vacancy. Feeling included and appreciated increases loyalty and feeling of belonging therefore reducing absenteeism and labor turnover, ultimately saving on recruitment expenses. †¢Creates a more respectable and safer work environment and culture since it is illegal to bully or harass an employee based on sex, race, age, or disability. †¢Managing and adapting to the impact of globalisation and technological change. In effect improving knowledge of how to operate in different cultures which is extremely beneficial for businesses that operate overseas (e.g. Tesco) †¢Enables a work force to develop creativity and a variety of perspectives that can benefit problem solving due to having more solutions to choose from. Morale can increase as a result of a mixture of different age groups within the workforce. The mix of young and older people brings a broad range of knowledge, experience and social skills to the company. †¢A diverse workforce is more flexible, since it consists of a wide range of people from a different stage of the life cycle, all able to work together to deliver the best service in all circumstances which is especially important for a mass market firm such as Tesco and MacDonalds (oneworkplace.org) Disadvantages †¢Different cultures could provoke a conflict in views and opinions and negatively affect team work therefore decreasing productivity. †¢Diversity and equality policies help against preventing discrimination which can be very costly if convicted. †¢People may feel insecure or threatened to work with people of a different age, sex, or culture. An increase in training expenses could occur due costs associated with seminars, programs and lectures given to promote diversity in the corporation. These types of training are given to all levels of staff within the organization (Outtz, J.L, 2004) †¢The pressure of increasing work place diversity can bias the selection process. Hiring managers may believe that diversifying the work place to meet policies is more of a concerning matter as if they dont there is a stigma attached to it for being discriminatory and therefore putting their job at risk. Hence, increasing diversity requirements might make fail to notice more suita ble qualified applicants in favor of applicants who bring diversity (not necessarily talent) to the organization. †¢Making adjustments to accommodate diversity can be costly (e.g. installing lifts). Numerous diverse groups demands can become burdensome on employers therefore causing de-motivation. Employee requests and work constraints based on religion, national origin, gender and race can become overpowering if your workplace has so much diversity that it takes human resources staff member too much time and workload just to keep track of obliging to the needs of diverse groups in the workplace. (chron.com) (scribd.com) 4.0 Involvement of the human resource practitioner The HR practitioners play a proactive role, contributing to the formulation of corporate strategy, developing and integrating HR strategies and giving guidance on matters related to uphold legislations, policies and ethical principles. (Armstrong, M. 2010) Tescos human resource practitioner is responsible for workforce planning, the process of analysing an organisations likely future needs for people in terms of numbers, skills and locations. This planning process runs every year late February. There are quarterly reviews in May, August and November, in order for to Tesco to alter staffing levels and recruit where necessary. This permits Tesco sufficient time and flexibility to meet the businesses demands for staff and allows the company to meet its strategic objectives, such as maintain a good level of customer service or opening new stores. In terms of McDonalds each individual restaurant is responsible for filling hourly-paid positions. The HR manager is usually the general manager of the franchise. The HR manager sets policies for hiring and recruitment such as enforcing the equality act. Theyre responsible for creating job postings and advertisements when there are vacancies, they are also responsible for the contents within the application form so they must keep in mind the equality act so questions on age, race, disabilities etc. are not permitted within the application form. The manager typically decides the final candidate that is applicable for the job. 5.0 Section Methods Interview An interview is described as a conversation with a purpose†¦ most job interviews are structured with questions aim about the candidates experience, careers and qualifications (Armstrong, M. 2006 p441) This information is exchanged, with the intention of establishing the applicant’s suitability for a position. (businessdictionary.com) Strengths †¢Useful to determine if the applicant has good communication and social skills which may be required for to fill the vacancy. †¢Opportunity for candidates to ask questions – to solve any issues. †¢Enables the supervisor and current employees to evaluate if there is compatibility between the applicant and the team. †¢The candidate may reveal additional information useful for making a selection decision that he/she did not write on the application form. †¢The interviewer can explain the job in detail and assess the applicants job knowledge. †¢Opportunity to ask exploratory questions that investigates the candidates characteristics and competencies assess if they meet the job requirements. †¢Interviews to get an understanding of a candidates personality, which may be difficult to distinguish from a CV or application on paper. †¢Rich in qualitative data that is useful to analyse personality. (evalued.bcu.ac.uk) Weaknesses †¢Some applicants may feel nervous during interviews, leading them to forget key points about present them selves badly leading to a bad first impression. Therefore an interview may not be a fit for everyone only those that prefer interview hence biasing the process towards more confident people. This could undermine more qualified and experienced people as they are over shadowed by their first impression of being nervous and not confident, ultimately, this may cause the HR manager hiring the wrong person for the job. †¢Interviews rely on the interviewers own judgment and dont guarantee the best outcome as interviewer bias can distort the results. †¢Qualitative data is subjective and depends on the interpretation of the interviewer, deeming it unreliable. †¢Can lack validity due to it not being a true measure of how the candidate will perform in a work place. Moreover, it does not necessarily review competence in matching demands of the job, given that answering questions is not a valid measure of the persons ability to do the job. †¢They can be very time-consuming: setting up, interviewing, transcribing, analysing, feedback, reporting therefore, can be costly. (academic.udayton.edu) (siteresources.worldbank.org) Assessment Centers ‘A method for assessing aptitude and performance; applied to a group of participants by trained assessors using various aptitude diagnostic processes in order to obtain information about applicants abilities or development potential.’ (psychometric-success.com) Selection techniques may be combined and applied together at events referred to as assessment centers. Such events may last one to three days during which a group of applicants for a post will undertake a variety of techniques†¦ the general methods used would be group discussions, role plays and simulations, interviews and tests.† (Bratton J. and Gould J. 1999 p206) In assessment centers candidates take part in management related exercises (test). Common exercises include: Different types of Psychological tests. †¢Management games. †¢In-Basket exercises. Here, the candidate is asked to solve different management problems. †¢Group discussion (GD) about different management topics. †¢Oral presentations of management topics. †¢Good report writing, etc. (http://psychcentral.com) Advantages †¢Identify strengths and weakness of the candidate.(kevinmorrell.org.uk) †¢Multiple tests increase reliability and validity. They are deemed to be more accurate than a standard recruitment process as use a wider variety of selection methods to be used during the process. (kevinmorrell.org.uk) †¢Allow interviewers to differentiate between candidates that seem similar on paper. (Martin M. and Jackson T. 2000) †¢Gives the applicant a better insight of the skills and knowledge needed to fill the vacancy. (Martin M. and Jackson T. 2000) †¢Employers that use assessment centre build an employer brand of being professional and process that genuinely reflect the job. (getfeedback.net) †¢Enable assessors to observe and assess candidates’ behaviour in a number of different situations which provide a more comprehensive and rounded picture of the individuals concerned. (Martin M. and Jackson T. 2000) Disadvantages †¢Expensive; Barclays estimate their assessment centers cost around  £15,000 †¢Arguably the personal characteristics of a person cannot be assessed accurately within the 3 or so day they are running for. †¢Assessor bias can distort results as they may sub consciously prefer a certain characteristic. Work Sample Test Standardized measures of behavior whose primary objective is to assess the ability to do rather than the ability to know through miniature replicas of actual job requirements; also known as situational tests. (highered.mcgraw-hill.com) Advantages †¢The method provides a real life context therefore the method is high in ecological validity which makes the work sample a valid measure of the candidates competence in performing task required in the vacancy. (Van Kleef, J. et al 2007) †¢Provides the assessor a basis to test the applicant skills such as communication that are not clear on paper. (Van Kleef, J. et al 2007) †¢Due to their relationship to the job, these tests are typically viewed more favorable by examinees and candidates than aptitude or personality tests. (hr-guide.com) †¢Difficult for applicants to fake job proficiency which aids validity as the score on the test correlates to how well the applicant completes the task. (hr-guide.com) Disadvantages †¢Useful for jobs that take a short period of time. However it is a poor assessor of jobs that take a long period of time such as designing. (hr-guide.com) †¢Does not predict whether the applicant will have the motivation or personal attributes to carry out that task reliably on the job. (dpc.nsw.gov.au) †¢Denoting work behaviors into number is highly subjective, open to interpretation as well, therefore is open to assessor bias ultimately lowering validity. (dpc.nsw.gov.au)

Concepts of Social Cohesion and Equality in Education

Concepts of Social Cohesion and Equality in Education The Personal is Political: Why do we let this happen? This age old saying indicates that the choices we make, the way we look, the way we act and present ourselves with and to other people, are political and defines our political orientation, as society dictates we have to look a certain way. But Who says so? The Person is Political is a liberal feminism theory, identifying that Personal problems are Political problems, as they are as a result of political systematic oppression. A rallying cry for many feminists in the 60s and 70s, in their underlying message, in writings, readings and consciousness raising. Relating to the theory and resonating with the feminists cry, Marxism removed the focus away from struggling individuals and onto group struggling, ratifying the only way to effect real change is to do so collectively! Concurring with this ideology, Durkheim further cited by Filloux, stated society is bigger than us and shapes our thoughts and actions the collective conscious, mechanical solidarity with sameness and social bonds based on shared morality, uniting members. This essay will look at supported published literature, how it is understood by the leaders of thought in this field, validating and correlating the shared language to describe and defend my own practice in the community of education. How are we faring against social, economic, cultural and political ideologies? Is it just words? It is my belief, fairness and equality for all has still not been achieved and is an ever evolving work in progress. The differences in society are our connections. Our cultural norms are tacit and white privilege is asking us to challenge them daily and understand what is in Our Knapsacks. We as practitioners, do have the power of inertia to intercede between the individual learner and stakeholders to collectively effect real change to ensure a better society for all. Irelands changing demographic over the last 10 years has helped to shape a more socially and culturally diverse society. There is no doubt that Ireland will remain a diverse society and it is important that we celebrate and harness this diversity and ensure that our communities are inclusive. Speech by Minister Stanton Equality Then, Now Future: Creating a more Equal Inclusive Society Key concepts and theories will explain real life practices and demonstrate the obligation to promote a critical analysis of social change and inclusion, in the context of the social, cultural and political frameworks. Critical reflection and ethics within daily practice trigger theories of social change, inclusion, quality and diversity in my role as an educator. A learner who is Dyslexic, Stephanie (not her real name) is the genesis of the case study and consequently support the growth of this essay. In order to understand other cultures, the lived experience of inequality and inclusion, or lack of will be categorised by three levels of the Micro, Meso and Macro. Taking this into consideration, her lived perspective will evaluate the extent to which Adult and Further Education includes marginalized social groups, what should be contained in an inclusive curriculum and the sense of agency to provide a comfortable supportive environment to enable her to deal with societys barriers. Critical factors such as equality form our mind-sets within particular cultures. The particular culture within our families, organisations and government are the markers of difference and operate at different levels in responding to diversity. Possessing an understanding of what is in my knapsack as a practitioner, Peggy McIntosh (McIntosh, 2016) enabled me to check my own assumptions and re-evaluate, Who and what I am and Who and what I am not The Other. Micro level considers the teaching and learning viewpoints at individual levels in Adult and Further Education. Long gone are the days of I Teach, You listen! approaches, the theory of developing intellect and not listening to the learners voice is non-productive. The importance of emotions are fundamental in the development to the functioning of an inclusive democratic society. How can I let my learners see that I truly care about their progression, if I cannot demonstrate empathy? Sharing my journey of Lifelong Learning, in a professional and legitimate manner allowing the language of emotions to be present within the classroom, is crucial in the establishment of trust building of respectful relationships. In addition, concurring with Filloux, practitioners should adopt to a discipline of sociology, providing for successful structures and facilitation of learning, in conducive learning environments. The teacher of the future is thus one who will manage to live out the pedagogical wish of the sociologist.. (Filloux, 1993) During Stephanies Wk1 Day 1, Induction Week on a yearlong Level 5 Office Administration Course, through Icebreaker introductions, Stephanie disclosed she had not been interviewed or applied for the course herself and was not happy about having to attend. As she had not applied for the course her negative attitude could be somewhat understandable. Stephanie had received a phone call from the organisation, the day prior to commencement of the course and instructed to arrive for class the following day at 8.30am. This relaxed day enabled Tuckmans Formation Stage to develop, empowering learners to share experiences, develop relationships and build confidence and self-worth. On Day 2, following reflection of the previous lesson, further discussions unfolded with Stephanie sharing her bad experiences in school to the group. Relationships were emerging, with other learners demonstrating sympathetic responses. Admitting how she struggled with reading, confessing how daily she was publically humiliated by having to read out loud and when she refused to do so, was labelled troublesome. She was regularly called stupid or dumb by both the teachers and peers and often sent to sit outside the headmistresss door, when she became argumentative. In her own admission, she said it was easier to start an argument in the classroom rather than feel useless. Stephanie felt the only person she developed a relationship with, was the School Secretary. She took the time to listen to me! This school secretary had recognised she was different and suggested her best approach to improve her performance in school would be to go to her doctor, and get a psychological assessment con ducted. The school would receive government funding to support learners with additional needs and the school would be in better position to support Stephanie with her studies. As a result of that conversation, Stephanie felt she had personally failed, in addition to the school system failing her, so she dropped out of school, after her Junior Certificate. However, she did go to the doctors who confirmed in a psychological report that Stephanie was Dyslexic. Emile Durkheim suggests Anomie is a lack of moral standards in a society. Unfortunately, it could be argued Stephanies previous experiences of system failure, in 2nd level education, certainly had an impact on her individual belief systems, behaviours and overall perceptions of Further Education (FE), hence shaping her negative attitude and barriers to motivation of learning. In addition to delivering subject matter content, practitioners are also expected to ensure learners are familiarised with the Rules and Regulations of the Institution. Following the 2 days lessons, in a 1:1 session, Stephanie was made aware of the facility to apply for Learner Support, if she felt she had a specific requirement. She produced her psychological report, stating I had come to class armed with it on the first day, but wanted to see if I would fit in with everybody first. To further support her progression through the course, additional support sessions for an hour, twice a week before and / or after class were offered, by myself. Reassurance was given to Stephanie that all strategies and learning experiences would be reflected in her own personal learning style. In addition, Learner Support if approved, would permit an extra 25% additional time to complete all assessments, the support services of a Reader / Scribe would be made available and all papers would be photocopi ed on yellow paper, to assist with reading. Following the meeting an application was submitted to the organisation for Learner Support. Micro Level is hugely important in the awareness to issues, context and sometimes problems that Adult learners experience, to develop learners skills and confidence in their learning with the necessary practices and strategies. Concurrent with Social Justice Ireland, our social role responsibility, as practitioners, leads to the identification of problems and impediments for progression and inclusion, to change and ensure a better, inclusive, nondiscriminatory society for all. Working to build a just society where human rights are respected, human dignity is protected, human development is facilitated and the environment is respected and protected. (Social Justice Ireland, 2009-2016) Meso Level is the organisations approaches to ameliorate policies and practices to support and promote inclusion, by facilitating the necessary support apparatuses. It could be argued, the solution to constructed failure, at Meso Level in Stephanies case at 2nd Level, focussed more on medical treatments, psychological assessments and monetary gain, instead of focussing on the educational solutions and the necessary support apparatuses. Thus, identifying the other so called efforts of supported others as self-centred. Concurring with Fiona OConnor suggestions, there is a severe lack of professional training given to practitioners to manage diversity within classrooms. Furthermore, at Meso Level is it more ubiquitous. Many employees at this level have never experienced the importance of emotions and emotional work within classrooms, as their roles and responsibilities are often administrative. (Number Crunching). In line with current paradigms to social inclusivity there is an institutional racism still in existence. At Macro Level, the lack of an interview for Stephanie prior to the course commencement, highlighted the failure to identify the necessary prerequisites, willingness to learn, commitment to complete such a long course or that she had an intellectual disability and cognitive condition such as Dyslexia, further demonstrates their lack of concern they do not want to be bothered. Practitioners organise the necessary applications, follow up paper work and hiring of Reader / Scribe personne l for a learner who has been approved for Learner Support. All of which is additional duties outside of class time. The organisations approach to addressing fostering and inclusion of inequality and diversity by practices could be questionable. Are they adopting a bums on seats view? Should practitioners be pre advised of the physical, mental and intellectual disabilities of learners in advance of course commencement? Macro Level is the wider structure context of class, gender and race. Legislative and policy frameworks are regularly being reproduced in the roll out of new revised Strategic Plans, underpinning education, equality and promotion of social inclusion in societal change. However, prior to commencement of the course, Stephanie contacted The Department of Social Protection (DSP) to clarify why she had a place on a course, as she had not applied for one. The information received, informed her she was from a marginalised group, on a Long Term Unemployed Register, therefore it was compulsory to complete a course. This was further outlined in written format, and stated that her failure to attend the course could result in deductions from her Social Welfare Payment. DSP enforcement, can be argued as having a negative impact on learners readiness to learn and a barrier to motivate individuals to partake in learning and progression to Adult and Further Education. Disability Acts, Equality Acts and legislative Strategic Plans provide opportunities to collaborate together and ensure that all of our citizens are entitled to lifelong learning (LLL) advocating the central pillar of the European Union (EU) strategy, to create a dynamic and competitive knowledge- based society and economy (NUI Galway, 2011). Is this at a cost to the individual? Where is the freedom of choice? The educational systems in place are clearly strongly integrated into the society. However, in my opinion, it is impossible to expect equality in education in short of progression and advancement towards equality in the social, economic, cultural and political systems. With this in mind, changing education is the catalyst to those revolutions in changing cultural values and opinions. As previously identified, Marxism removed the focus away from struggling individuals and onto group struggling. It is my belief, fairness and equality for all has still not been achieved and is an ever evolving work in progress, ratifying the only way to effect real change is to do so collectively. References Anon., 2016. Education.ie. [Online] Available at: http://www.education.ie/en/Press-Events/Press-Releases/2016-Press-Releases/PR16-11-21.html[Accessed 22 November 2016]. Anon., 2016. Step It Up:Ireland vows gender equality a foreign policy in the push for the Sustainable Development Goal | UN Women. [Online] Available at: http://www.unwomen.org/en/get-involved/step-it-up/commitments/ireland[Accessed 12 December 2016]. Anon., 2016. www.leargas.ie. [Online] Available at: http://www.leargas.ie/resources/[Accessed 2 December 2016]. Camilleri , M. A. Camilleri, A., 2015. Education and social cohesion for economic growth. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 19(5), pp. 617-631. Cullen Owens, R., 2005. A Social History of Women in Ireland, 1870-1970 An Exploration of the Changing Role and Status of Women in Irish Society. Dublin: Gill Macmillan. Electronic Platform for Adult Learning in Europe, 2016. epale.ie. [Online] Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/epale/en/themes/social-inclusion[Accessed 18 November 2016]. European Commission, 2016. The EU and Irish Women. [Online] Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/ireland/node/684_en#education[Accessed 12 December 2016]. Filloux, J.-C., 1993. EMILE DURKHEIM (1858-1917). UNESCO: International Bureau of Education, 23(1/2), pp. 303-320. Hearne, L. et al., 2010. The Adult Learner 2010 The Irish Journal of Adul and Community Education. Dublin: AONTAS. McIntosh, P., 2016. White Privilege:Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack. Waterford : s.n. NUI Galway, 2011. Lifelong Learning: Contemporary Policy and Practice. Galway: National University of Ireland. OCarroll, E., 2012. Preparing for Training Delivery. In: Train the Trainer. Dublin: Gill Macmillan, pp. 50-67. OConnor, F., 2010. Institutional racism in Irish adult education: fact or fiction?. In: The Adult Learner 2010 The Irish Journal of Adult and Community Education. Dublin : AONTAS, pp. 29-52. Office for the Promotion of Migrant Integration, 2011. Integration.ie. [Online] Available at: http://www.integration.ie/website/omi/omiwebv6.nsf/page/index-en[Accessed 11 November 2016]. OGrady, M., 2015. How Societies Change, Waterford: Dr Maeve OGrady Moodle WIT. OGrady, M., 2016. Education, Equality Social Inclusion, Waterford: Dr Maeve OGrady Moodle WIT. OGrady, M., 2016. The Other in Adult Education, Waterford: Dr Maeve OGrady Moodle WIT. Osler, A., 2015. The stories we tell: exploring narrative in education for justice and equality in multicultural contexts. Multicultural Education Review, 7(1-2), pp. 12-25. Social Justice Ireland, 2009-2016. Social Justice Ireland. [Online] Available at: http://www.socialjustice.ie/content/policy-issues/presentations-oireachtas-committees[Accessed 12 December 2016]. Waterford Area Partnership, 2016. Waterford Area Partnership. [Online] Available at: http://waterfordlife.ie/supporting-communities/social-inclusion/sicap/[Accessed 23 February 2016].

Sigmund Freud: His Life And His Work Essay -- essays research papers

Sigmund Freud was born on May 6th 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia, which is now in Czech Republic. He is the eldest of eight children born to Jacob and Amalie Freud. Because of the anti-semetic riots who were ragging in Freiberg , Freud’s father, who was a wool merchant, lost his business and the whole family had to move to Leipzig (1859) and shortly after to Vienna where Freud spend most of his life. When he lived in Vienna, Freud had, once more, to come accross anti-semetism : jewish people had been persecuted in Europe for hundreds of years and they would often be attacked on the streets or called names. Freud was a very intelligent and hard working student, but when he left school, he was not sure of what he wanted to do. At first, he decided to become a lawyer. Then, he decided to study medicine and to become a doctor, for this reason, he enrolled in the medical school of the University of Vienna (1873) and he often came top of the class. To the eyes of Freud, working hard and wanting to find out about things were the two most important qualities in life. In his 3rd year at the University, he started a reasearch work on the central nervous system in a phisiological laboratory under the direction of Ernst Wilhelm von Brucke. During this period of reasearch, Freud neglected his courses and as a result, he remained in medical school 3 years longer than it was normally required to qualify a physician. He received his medical degree in 1881 . He spend three years working at the General Hospital of Vienna - working successively to psychatry, dermatology and to nervous diseases -. In the year 1885, he is given a government grant enabling him to spent 19 weeks in Paris to work with French neurologist Jean Charcot - director of the mental hospital, The Salpetriere - who tried to understand and treat nervous disorders, and most especially hysteria. Charcot used hypnosis to prove that the real problem of his patients was a mental one. From this demonstration, Freud realised the power that the mind had on the body, and he came back from Paris, determined to make a name for himself in this new field of study. When he came back from Paris, Freud immediately married his sister’s friend Martha Bernays. At first, the other doctors laughed at him and noboby baught his books. He was therefore very poor and in addition, he had a growing family to support. His only friend, Wi... ...pose of having a child with him. At this stage, the mother becomes the object of rivalry and jealousy. For the girls, the castration complex comes first ( in opposition to the boys case ) and then they desire to kill the mother and marry the father and have a baby. If for the boys the castration complex ends the Oedipus complex, and creates the unconscious and the superego, what happens with the girls ? Freud says that the oedipal cathexis in girls may be repressed or abandonned. The result is that women never really create a very strong superego. He is also not quite sure of how women’s unconscious is formed, since they do not have the castration anxiety as the motive to repress their incestuous wishes, some sort of repression might happen but Freud is not entirely clear on how it happens. Freud succeeded in finding clear solutions for many human problems with the help of psychoanalysis : he demonstrated the existence of the unconscious and created a totally new approach to the understanding of a person’s personality. Although he was never accorded full recognition during his lifetime, today, Freud is acknowledged as one of the most important thinkers of the twentieth century.

Pharmacy Sales and Inventory System Essay

Chapter I The Background and its Setting Introduction Time is very important in every people especially when we do our job. We have done all at the correct time so that we can meet the quota of the company every day. It is difficult in doing all things manually particularly when you’ve lack of time to do this, like counting the number of items that are already sold, how much is the total amount and determinable number of the stocks of each medicine. The problem in manual is that, a pharmacy assistant has a great chance to make some errors and fraud in inventory because in the processing of sales and inventory usually begins when a customer bought a medicine over the counter and sometimes they have made a wrong total amount of medicine by means of confusion and crowdedness of the customers. They couldn’t determine faster the number of stocks of each item and the out of stock. Since it is often times that the managers do not have enough time or information to check the items sold and remaining, they don’t even know the exact quantity of stocks of the medicine. For the customer, the main problem is that they are waiting for the pharmacy assistant that is looking for the medicine they intended to buy, if they have the particular brand of medicine that they are buying or are they still have a stock. It is also a waste of time to the part of customer. So the main focus of the study is on how can be easily know the amount and quantity of medicine with less effort to the employee and improve the accurate information in a receipt. This paper shows about the inventory system. The Pharmacy Sales and Inventory system is accessible by an administrator. They can customize the interface which can add, edit, filter, and monitor all stock of medicines in the pharmacy. This system will show all the changes made by the administrator. Background of the Study Today, computer has become a part of life. It is evident that most of the country’s institutions still do not use the high technology. Particularly in  pharmacies, daily transactions, inventories and record of sales are still done on paper. People know that modern pharmacies are now operating at great pace striving to serve as many customers as possible with the best of their abilities. But as the years goes by, the number of customers has grown and various cases arise that the manual method of managing customers’ transactions, inventories and updating sales, is no longer practical. In this study, researchers hope to develop a system that will minimize all works of manual methods, therefore allowing owners ease in updating inventory – a system that is fully automated, user-friendly, time effective and efficient. Owner knows that number of customers continually increase, managing a pharmacy can also become increasingly difficult, especially if everything is done manually. The researcher will tend to make a system for the easier way of providing information about the product bought, sold, and stored. In addition, the system will attempt to provide receipts using the new system to show the effectiveness of modernizing the company’s current system. This system tends to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the process done by the company. The convenience of this new system will help to promote the company as well as to help its employees do an easier task for the enhancement of the system process. Statement of the Problem The study will enhance the existing inventory control system for pharmacies for a better inventory management and to eliminate/reduce risks of errors and fraud. It will seek to answer what enhancement and design the pharmacy can adopt for a more effective and efficient inventory system. The researchers aim to answer the following: 1.Will the system provide satisfaction to pharmacies in terms of: a.Reliability b.Maintainability c.Portability d.Functionality e.Security 2.Does Pharmacy Sales and Inventory System helps pharmacist in their management processes and sales? a.Time Efficiency b.Accuracy c.Convenience 3.Does the system will provide correct and reliable information to the pharmacy? a.Information accuracy b.Data consistency 4.Does the system will help provide good quality of service to customers in terms of: a.Quality of products b.Faster transactions Significance of the Study This system provides more efficient and faster transactions to pharmacies. It will also provide better service to the customers. †¢Pharmacist- improves stock management, because the system automatically tells what products are lacking and expired. †¢Customer- provides faster transaction and less time of waiting because the pharmacist can give all the information of the product. †¢Administrator- enables to improve the control of the system and also enables to improve the design, the efficiency of the system. Theoretical Framework This Inventory System is important for any business particularly in Pharmacies. An inventory system must balance having enough inventories on hand to meet the demand of customers while investing as little money as possible in inventory. The scope of an inventory system considers which needs the inventory system addresses. These include valuing the inventory, measuring the change in inventory and planning for future inventory levels. The value of the inventory at the end of each period provides a basis for financial reporting on the balance sheet. Measuring the change in inventory allows the company to determine the cost of inventory sold during the period. The inventory level and changes allow the company to plan for future inventory needs. This Pharmacy Information System is a computerized system that handles many one of many outpatient functions, such as taking prescription orders, prescription entry, and pricing of the medications, to fill and refill medication, medication inventory, and the financial management and purchasing Conceptual Framework Scope and Limitation This system will focus on the list of the medicine in the pharmacy that will keep the computerized record of the medicines, it will also store the details of the medicines and can print all the records, and all the sales will be stored in the sales history and the changes will be recorded at the change log, so that the community in the place/city will assure in this system. Only the IT personnel can edit the prizes and the stock of medicine and only the pharmacist can access this system. Definition of terms Sales and Inventory System- software-based solution used to simultaneously track sales activity and inventory Pharmacy- a store where medicinal drugs are dispensed and sold Data- fast and statistics collected together for reference or analysis Medicinal Drugs- something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease Pharmacist- a person who is professionally qualified to prepare and dispense medicinal drugs Customer- a person that buys goods or services from a store or business

Stock Market and Disk Drive Operations

Question: – Why is Seagate undertaking this transaction? Is it necessary to divest the Veritas shares in a separate transaction? Who are the winners and losers resulting from the transaction? Solution: – Seagate is undertaking this transaction to generate significant wealth gains for Seagate shareholders. There is a value gap generates due to Seagate’s VERITAS stake. VERITAS stake value exceeds the entire market capitalization of the Seagate. Seagate faces two problems because of VERITAS stake. First, the company’s core disk drive operations were not receiving full value in the market. Second, the company would incur a significant tax liability if the company attempt to monetize its VERITAS stake be selling the shares. Yes, it is necessary to divest the VERITAS shares in a separate transaction. It helps the company to save itself from tax liabilities and distributing the VERITAS stock tax free to its shareholders. The Seagate shareholders are definitely winner if the two-step transaction will happen. The shareholders of Seagate get higher value of disk drive operations and tax free shares of VERITAS. The Seagate Management is also winner. They get rid of tax liabilities related to VERITAS stocks and get full value of disk drive operations. The VERITAS also feel like winner as they get higher number of stocks in exchange of lesser number of stocks. Question: – Does the negative value of Seagate’s operating assets imply markets are inefficient? Solution: – The negative value of Seagate’s operating assets implies that markets are inefficient. The core disk drive operations do not receive its full value in the market. Seagate’s Management thinks that disk drive operations value is larger than what the value is in market. This shows that markets are inefficient. Question: – Why might a negative value exist? Solution: – Tax liabilities: – The negative value of the Seagate’s operating assets is due to tax liabilities which the company is facing because of VERITAS stocks. Other liabilities : – Fear that managers will destroy value: – The negative value of the Seagate’s operating assets is not due to fear that managers will destroy value. Moreover, the investors have trust in the managers of the Seagate that’s why they want to retain the top management of the Seagate in the newly build company.

The black cat essays

The black cat essays The Black Cat The fall of the House of Usher In his first sentence he writes that he wants to tell his story for the most wild yet most homely narratives. He neither expect nor solicit belief. It sets the tone on whether or not you want to believe what he is about to say. He speaks of household events that occur and he doesnt want to expound on them, but he does go into every detail of the events that lead to his arrest. His first encounter with a black cat which in some cultures is symbolic of evil or satanic is just the opposite in the beginning. He even names the black cat Pluto which is the Roman God of the underworld. He has a friendship with the animal that lasts for several years. During that time he feeds it and the black cat follows him all around the house and even follows him when he is walking down the street. He uses the excuse of being an alcoholic as the reason why he maltreated his pets. His disposition went from happy to moody, irritable and more regardless of feelings of others. Which only can be contributed to his excessive drinking? His pets and his wife were made to feel the brunt of his temperament. The black cat was the only one who was not maltreated. But that was soon to change. Because during one of his gin-nurtured haunts about town, upon arriving home he fancied that the black cat avoided his presence. ...

10 Countries with the Highest Population Density

10 Countries with the Highest Population Density Cities are known for being crowded, but some cities are far more crowded than others. What makes a city feel crowded isnt just the number of people who live there but the physical size of the city. Population density refers to the number of people per square mile. According to the Population Reference Bureau, these ten countries have the worlds highest population densities 1. Manila, Philippines - 107,562 per square mile The capital of the Philippines is home to roughly two million people. Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay the city is home to one of the finest ports in the country. The city regularly hosts over a million  tourists each year, making the busy streets even more crowded. 2. Mumbai, India - 73,837 per square mile Its no surprise that the Indian city Mumbai comes in second on this list with a population of over 12 million people. The city is the financial, commercial and entertainment capital of India. The city lies on the West coast of India and has a deep natural bay. In 2008, it was dubbed an alpha world city. 3. Dhaka, Bangladesh - 73,583 per square mile Known as the city of mosques, Dhaka is home to roughly 17 million people. It was once one of the most wealthy and prosperous cities in the world. Today the city is the countries political, economic and cultural center. It has one of the largest stock markets in South Asia. 4. Caloocan, Philippines - 72,305 per square mile Historically, Caloocan is important for being home to the secret militant society that spurred the Philippine  Revolution, also known as the Tagalong war, against Spanish colonialists. Now the city is home to almost two million people. 5. Bnei Brak, Isreal - 70,705 per square mile Just east of Tel Aviv, this city is home to 193,500 residents. It is home to one of the largest coca-cola bottling plants in the world. Israels first womens only department stores were built in Bnei Brak; its an example of the gender segregation; implemented by the ultra Orthodox Jewish population. 6. Levallois-Perret, France - 68,458 per square mile Located roughly four miles from Paris, Levallois-Perrett is the most densely populated city in Europe. The city is known for its perfume industry and beekeeping. A cartoon bee has even been adopted at the citys modern emblem. 7. Neapoli, Greece - 67,027 per square mile   The Greek city of Neapoli comes in at number seven on the list of most densely populated cities. The city is divided into eight different districts. While only 30,279 people live in this small city thats impressive given its size is only .45 square miles! 8. Chennai, India - 66,961 per square mile Located on the Bay of Bengal, Chennai is known as the education capital of South India. Its home to almost five million people. Its also considered one of the safest cities in India. Its also home to a large expat community. Its been dubbed one of the must-see cities in the world by the BBC. 9. Vincennes, France - 66,371 per square mile Another suburb of Paris, Vincennes is located just four miles from the city of lights. The city is probably most famous for its castle, Chateau de Vincennes. The castle was originally a hunting lodge for Louis VII but was enlarged in the 14th century. 10. Delhi, India - 66,135 per square mile The city of Delhi is home to roughly 11 million people, putting it just after Mumbai as one of Indias most populated cities. Delhi is an ancient city which has been the capital of various kingdoms and empires. Its home to numerous landmarks. Its also considered the book capital of India due to its high readership rates.

A Breadwinner Rethinks Gender Roles

This would be a good thing according to conflict theorists, who believe that the male exploitation of women is detrimental to society; any sort of exploitation of rich to poor, male to female, must be deconstructed. â€Å"A Breadwinner Rethinks Gender Roles† supports the rising number of traditional gender roles being reversed in today’s society. However, just because the roles are switched, does not mean that true gender equality exists. Social norms establish the privileges and responsibilities a certain status may occupy. Females and males, mothers and fathers are all statuses with distinct role requirements that are perceived as â€Å"normal† to society. The status of a mother includes ‘expected’ roles involving love, caretaking, duties in the kitchen, etc. The status of a father primarily includes the expected role of a breadwinner. The huge increase of women in the workforce, an achieved status, may unfortunately lead to the experience of Durkheim’s concept anomie, or uncertainty of rules/norms in a society. These ‘traditional norms’ have begun to change, but new ones have not yet developed, â€Å"To put it simply, because we’re not there yet†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kathleen Gerson, quoted in article). So why does gender inequality persist even though men and women are not tied to traditional roles as they were in earlier times? Conflict theorists argue that women are at a disadvantage because of the inequalities built into the social structure. This social structure ‘built’ into society refers to the agents of socialization that have structured what it means to be gendered-female and gendered-male; gender roles are learned through the socialization process. Children learn proper behavior for girls and boys, first—and most crucially—through parents, then the media (Disney movies) and finally peer groups or other sources of socialization. Even at an early age, children develop stereotypical notions of both genders and then use those notions to systematize their thoughts and behavior. However today, the media puts out ideas that are inconsistent with ideas of family or education and so it is directly antagonistic to the other important institutions in society. These pre-conceived ideas of gender-typical behavior have prevented individuals from truly assuming the identity of a reversed role, â€Å"Men have a sense of esteem, of identity that comes with being the provider†¦Women don’t get the same identity benefit — there’s a sense that one has a double burden. † (Barbara Rissman, quoted in article). The author clearly struggled with her new gendered-male role. She wasn’t prepared for the role conflict she would experience in partaking a ‘man’s role’, â€Å"I didn’t think I’d feel so guilty, or derelict in my womanly duties, when my husband is quick to comfort our fussy 4-month-old—or reminds me where we keep the muffin tin. Or that I’d feel so much chest-tightening pressure when I monitor our bills. † (Dunleavey). When asked, â€Å"Did your concept of ‘equality’ ever include supporting the family? †, the author had to admit her answer was no. Women have consistently complained and fought for equality— but is that what they really wanted? Now that we have it, we are â€Å"seething — with uncertainty, resentment, anxiety and frustration. † (Dunleavey) The pre-ordained notions of what is right vs. wrong, female vs. male that have been engrained in our heads from early childhood and then through constant resocialization over the years, have prevented some of us from truly being equal, even when we are on the surface—equal. A conflict theorist would point out for this case, that the need to eliminate inequalities does not just include eliminating the suffering of those on the bottom, but eliminating the suffering of those on the top as well. Despite the increase of women in the labor force and the now blurred boundaries of gender discriminations, men and women live in a society where the demands of balancing work and parenting are unsettled. Women were not prepared for what true equality would actually entail—but can we blame them? Literature Cited: Dunleavey, M. P. â€Å"A Breadwinner Rethinks Gender Roles. † The New York Times 27 January 2007, Section C 1:1. http://www. nytimes. com/2007/01/27/business/27instincts. html A Breadwinner Rethinks Gender Roles This would be a good thing according to conflict theorists, who believe that the male exploitation of women is detrimental to society; any sort of exploitation of rich to poor, male to female, must be deconstructed. â€Å"A Breadwinner Rethinks Gender Roles† supports the rising number of traditional gender roles being reversed in today’s society. However, just because the roles are switched, does not mean that true gender equality exists. Social norms establish the privileges and responsibilities a certain status may occupy. Females and males, mothers and fathers are all statuses with distinct role requirements that are perceived as â€Å"normal† to society. The status of a mother includes ‘expected’ roles involving love, caretaking, duties in the kitchen, etc. The status of a father primarily includes the expected role of a breadwinner. The huge increase of women in the workforce, an achieved status, may unfortunately lead to the experience of Durkheim’s concept anomie, or uncertainty of rules/norms in a society. These ‘traditional norms’ have begun to change, but new ones have not yet developed, â€Å"To put it simply, because we’re not there yet†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kathleen Gerson, quoted in article). So why does gender inequality persist even though men and women are not tied to traditional roles as they were in earlier times? Conflict theorists argue that women are at a disadvantage because of the inequalities built into the social structure. This social structure ‘built’ into society refers to the agents of socialization that have structured what it means to be gendered-female and gendered-male; gender roles are learned through the socialization process. Children learn proper behavior for girls and boys, first—and most crucially—through parents, then the media (Disney movies) and finally peer groups or other sources of socialization. Even at an early age, children develop stereotypical notions of both genders and then use those notions to systematize their thoughts and behavior. However today, the media puts out ideas that are inconsistent with ideas of family or education and so it is directly antagonistic to the other important institutions in society. These pre-conceived ideas of gender-typical behavior have prevented individuals from truly assuming the identity of a reversed role, â€Å"Men have a sense of esteem, of identity that comes with being the provider†¦Women don’t get the same identity benefit — there’s a sense that one has a double burden. † (Barbara Rissman, quoted in article). The author clearly struggled with her new gendered-male role. She wasn’t prepared for the role conflict she would experience in partaking a ‘man’s role’, â€Å"I didn’t think I’d feel so guilty, or derelict in my womanly duties, when my husband is quick to comfort our fussy 4-month-old—or reminds me where we keep the muffin tin. Or that I’d feel so much chest-tightening pressure when I monitor our bills. † (Dunleavey). When asked, â€Å"Did your concept of ‘equality’ ever include supporting the family? †, the author had to admit her answer was no. Women have consistently complained and fought for equality— but is that what they really wanted? Now that we have it, we are â€Å"seething — with uncertainty, resentment, anxiety and frustration. † (Dunleavey) The pre-ordained notions of what is right vs. wrong, female vs. male that have been engrained in our heads from early childhood and then through constant resocialization over the years, have prevented some of us from truly being equal, even when we are on the surface—equal. A conflict theorist would point out for this case, that the need to eliminate inequalities does not just include eliminating the suffering of those on the bottom, but eliminating the suffering of those on the top as well. Despite the increase of women in the labor force and the now blurred boundaries of gender discriminations, men and women live in a society where the demands of balancing work and parenting are unsettled. Women were not prepared for what true equality would actually entail—but can we blame them? Literature Cited: Dunleavey, M. P. â€Å"A Breadwinner Rethinks Gender Roles. † The New York Times 27 January 2007, Section C 1:1. http://www. nytimes. com/2007/01/27/business/27instincts. html

Reading Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Reading Reflection - Essay Example In the same note, applying critical appreciation in the course of the reading, one has to be aware of the historical context of the text. It must be duly noted that the story was written in 1894. Dismissing this fact would yield confusion to the reader if to be taken within the understanding to today’s standards. This significant piece of work can easily be associated to a feminist reading with the patriarchal concept of a traditional family in mind. The story opens with a quick and stimulating fact that was to develop the theme of the text. The story begins with the disclosure of the heart ailment of Mrs. Mallard and the apprehension to reveal to her the news of her husband’s death in a railroad mishap. Immediately, the audience is revealed to the circumstances of the characters with Louise being married to Brently Mallard with no indication of a child produced between them. The news of her husband’s death was given to her in a very calculated manner as her sist er Josephine and close friend Richards were afraid how she will take the news. Also, they fear that it might cause her to break down and that her heart ailment may get the best of her. The characterization of Mrs. Mallard was established in her reaction to the news. â€Å"She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance† (Chopin, 1894). This indicates the fact that she is not like everybody else. The author gives the sense that Mrs. Mallard is different from the typical wife as portrayed in society. The conventional depiction is that of a woman who would not be able to get over the grief over the lost of a member of her family particularly of her husband. Culture tells us that women during those times were subservient to the needs of the husband. Inculcated was the notion of the typical wife who serves as the homemaker ready to serve her husband and to answer for his every need. This is the concept of a tradit ional family that we know. But Mrs. Mallard was different. Her reaction to the death tells us that there is more to the desires and wants that she would like that transcend the kitchen of her house. Right after the ‘storm of grief’ and her immediate tears, Mrs. Mallard wanted to go to her room alone. The succeeding scene painted a metaphor for her newfound liberty. A window is opened and she looks beyond it and saw sparrows and the clouds. Suddenly, everything was more vivid. She was made aware of the freedom of the birds and the color of the sky as though she had never noticed them before. The twittering of the birds and the blue sky ahead of the cloud was revealed. She props herself in a chair and looks out, here the author gives a more or less physical description of her. The narrator of the story speaks of a calm and young woman reflecting a â€Å"suspension of intelligent thought† (Chopin, 1894). This builds up the prospect of a woman who has her whole life ahead of her beyond the tragedy of being a widow, a whole life on her own without a husband to think about. The death served as her epiphany. This reinforces the implied truth that their union is not a happy one. There are many ideas that they be attributed to the cause of this. For instance, the marriage may be forced and that there is really no love or the concept thereof that we have, at one point she thought of her love for him as being fleeting at infrequent moments. The probability of

Shape Security Profile Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Shape Security Profile - Research Paper Example Shape Security business strategies include diversification of product line through internal and external funding. For example, in 2014, the company allocated $40 million in funding (Ingrid, 2014). In this way, it was able to expand its products to include website hosting, high-speed internet, domain registration and email hosting among other. Shape Security target customers include banks, firms using ecommerce, healthcare organizations, cyber cafes and individuals using different websites among other users. Given the extensive use of internet globally, the company customer base will increase in future. This implies that by creating a strong promotion and more advertising, the company sales will ultimately increase. As the need for marketing in order to expand the customer base increases, firms have noted the importance of value proposition. For the case of Shape Security, innovation has been the key pillar in its brand improvement (Maranville, 1992). The company value proposition is that automation is at the heart of every botnet. In this way, customers are guaranteed of the value and capability of the ShapeShifter in dealing with the attacks. As the competition in the technology industry increases, more firms still are joining the sector due to the high profits enjoyed by firms. ShapeSecurity main competitors include Invincea, Crowdstrike and Defense.net. The enterprise was given the brand name Shape Security in 2011 when it was founded by Sumit Agarwal, Justin Call and Derek Smith. To ensure that potential customers are not confused or fail to differentiate the company brands from those of the competitors, Shape Security has a website- http://shapesecurity.com. The company operations are in line with US IP laws and thus competitors are prevented from producing brands that are the same like those of Shape Security. Shape Security enjoys the support of various investors. For example, Sierra Ventures, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and

Plessy vs fersgeson Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plessy vs fersgeson - Assignment Example Ferguson, the Committee of Citizens sought a legal redress in the Louisiana Court to challenge the unconstitutionality of ‘separate but equal’ doctrine that allowed racial segregation in public facilities in Louisiana. This followed the arrest of Plessy Homer who despite being a black used a white designated car. In his ruling, Judge John Howard held that Louisiana Stage was justified to enforce such discriminatory laws. The ruling was upheld by the Supreme Court of Louisiana and Supreme Court of US. By arguing in favor of ‘separate but equal,’ this ruling endorsed racial segregation in USA. On the other hand, Brown v. Board of Education was filed by Brown Oliver et al to advocate for the revocation of the laws that had been propagating the segregation of students in public schools. The plaintiffs argued that such laws violated the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments that support equality. The court ruled that segregation laws in public schools are unconstitutional and should be repealed. By overturning the Plessy v. Ferguson, this ruling paved way for the eradication of segregation in public schools and racial integration in the country. It was indeed, a great victory to the Civil Right Movements that had been piling pressure on the government to end

Operations of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Operations of Management - Essay Example Management also leads to better organization of resources, resulting in higher output and sales. Apparently, the firm will drift and eventually fail and the business cannot succeed without the much-needed management. The basic roles of management involve planning, organizing, coordinating, commanding and controlling. Management involves taking risks and requires critical decision-making regarding strategic, tactical or operation matters. Operations Management: Operations management is a branch of management which deals with supervising, designing, and redesigning business operations when producing goods and services. Its main purpose is to be as productive efficient as possible by using as little resources needed for the production of goods and services. It is responsible for being effective in meeting customer requirements. The process of converting inputs into outputs comes under operations management. (Borrington, Stimpson. 2006) Operations management helps to increase the substan ce of value-added activities in any process of the business. But for optimal enterprise performance, a business must co-align these value-adding activities with possible marketing opportunity. It is mainly concerned with the technical functions of a business like the development, production and manufacturing of goods and services. ... It has to decide upon the best marketing mix for each and every product and make sure that this is put into effect. It will keep records of the sales of each product/service so that decisions can be made about extensions strategies or taking products off the market. A business will fail without effective marketing. The marketing managers have an important role in meeting customer requirements. Organization: Unilever. Introduction: Unilever is a giant multinational with its headquarters in London, and operating companies in many countries of the world for example Switzerland, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and India, to name a few. It was first established in 1930 when Lever Brothers of UK and Margarine Unie of Netherlands merged. Since then it is providing consumers with the best of hygiene, personal care and nutrition products all over the world. The Marketing Department: In Unilever most of the decisions are made by the Upper Management and they make decisions regarding the market ing of their products like advertising and promotion. It has such a vast size because of the fact that it is a multinational, that organizing is probably the most critical of all functions of its management. It is important that their employees are motivated and inspired to work efficiently and make sure that all departments are working according to their goals and instructions assigned to them. All the progress has to be evaluated to increase the output and results and overcome any conflicts and problems. The role of marketing managers: The marketing manager of all Unilever companies has to perform many interpersonal roles of which, liaison is the most important. He has to act as a leader and an

Supply and Demand Analytical Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supply and Demand Analytical Paper - Assignment Example Everybody knows that Apple compete with quality for it to remarkably set a highly competitive price for its product offerings. In the case of Apple, competitive price does not necessarily mean to be lower prices compared to its competitors’. In fact, in most of the time, it is higher than the others. However, it is clear that there is an ongoing high demand for Apple’s iPhone products despite its comparatively higher price than the competitors’ offerings’. The law of demand states that the price is highly associated with the number of quantity demanded and vice versa. This means that there will be more quantity demanded for a certain offering if the price goes down or as the price goes down, more quantity for the product will be demanded. As stated in Figure 1, the law of demand simply states that price has a linear relationship with the number of quantity demanded. However, knowing that Apple sells iPhone products at a price higher than its competitors’, considering a staggering increase of its revenue and profit, is an indication of increasing demand for its product offerings. On the other hand, there is a significant indication that the use of mobile phones has become a reality or part of life. In Europe alone, there was an ongoing perception that there will be no enough available frequency to satisfy the demand for talking, texting and surfing the Net on mobile phones (O’Brien). The broadcast spectrum is simply becoming a limited commodity for as long as more users are inclined to buy mobile phones and use them for either talking, texting or surfing the Net. As a result, there is no question as to why there is an increasing demand for Apple’s iPhone even if it was set at a higher price. Mobile phones, particularly smart phones, are not just wants but are becoming strong basic commodities. Apple has continued innovation of products that have improved functionalities that are known to use wider broadcast spectrums. In this case,

Plessy vs fersgeson Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plessy vs fersgeson - Assignment Example Ferguson, the Committee of Citizens sought a legal redress in the Louisiana Court to challenge the unconstitutionality of ‘separate but equal’ doctrine that allowed racial segregation in public facilities in Louisiana. This followed the arrest of Plessy Homer who despite being a black used a white designated car. In his ruling, Judge John Howard held that Louisiana Stage was justified to enforce such discriminatory laws. The ruling was upheld by the Supreme Court of Louisiana and Supreme Court of US. By arguing in favor of ‘separate but equal,’ this ruling endorsed racial segregation in USA. On the other hand, Brown v. Board of Education was filed by Brown Oliver et al to advocate for the revocation of the laws that had been propagating the segregation of students in public schools. The plaintiffs argued that such laws violated the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments that support equality. The court ruled that segregation laws in public schools are unconstitutional and should be repealed. By overturning the Plessy v. Ferguson, this ruling paved way for the eradication of segregation in public schools and racial integration in the country. It was indeed, a great victory to the Civil Right Movements that had been piling pressure on the government to end

Supply and Demand Analytical Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supply and Demand Analytical Paper - Assignment Example Everybody knows that Apple compete with quality for it to remarkably set a highly competitive price for its product offerings. In the case of Apple, competitive price does not necessarily mean to be lower prices compared to its competitors’. In fact, in most of the time, it is higher than the others. However, it is clear that there is an ongoing high demand for Apple’s iPhone products despite its comparatively higher price than the competitors’ offerings’. The law of demand states that the price is highly associated with the number of quantity demanded and vice versa. This means that there will be more quantity demanded for a certain offering if the price goes down or as the price goes down, more quantity for the product will be demanded. As stated in Figure 1, the law of demand simply states that price has a linear relationship with the number of quantity demanded. However, knowing that Apple sells iPhone products at a price higher than its competitors’, considering a staggering increase of its revenue and profit, is an indication of increasing demand for its product offerings. On the other hand, there is a significant indication that the use of mobile phones has become a reality or part of life. In Europe alone, there was an ongoing perception that there will be no enough available frequency to satisfy the demand for talking, texting and surfing the Net on mobile phones (O’Brien). The broadcast spectrum is simply becoming a limited commodity for as long as more users are inclined to buy mobile phones and use them for either talking, texting or surfing the Net. As a result, there is no question as to why there is an increasing demand for Apple’s iPhone even if it was set at a higher price. Mobile phones, particularly smart phones, are not just wants but are becoming strong basic commodities. Apple has continued innovation of products that have improved functionalities that are known to use wider broadcast spectrums. In this case,

The Troop Surge and The Iraq War Essay Example for Free

The Troop Surge and The Iraq War Essay Sometimes, what matters to one person may not mean much to another person. This is not because one side is insensitive to the other, but because they are so far removed from the situation that it really does not impact them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Iraq War is such an example. For 140,000 troops, the Iraq War is a very dangerous reality. For many millions of people, the War is something that does not affect them because it is â€Å"over there.† This does not mean they are insensitive. It just means that there are many people for whom the War does not directly touch, therefore, it does not mean as much to them as it does other people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For me the War in Iraq is a serious matter as I am an individual directly involved with the situation. I am an Army Medic and have performed tours of duty in Iraq. With the recent announcement of the troop surge into the Iraqi Theater, I am confronted with something that does mean something to me and affects me directly. The reason for this is obvious: the surge may result in my having to return to Iraq.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So, for me, the Iraq War is something that touches me and my family on a personal level. It is not a disembodied military action that affects a national psyche or any similar media lamenting verbiage. It is a very real event and it directly impacts my life. This is neither a condemnation nor an endorsement. It is simply a direct reflection of a situation that I am involved.

Shopping in Malls in India

Shopping in Malls in India INTRODUCTION: The concept of shopping in malls in India is undergoing a dramatic change. A few years back, people just used to visit a lot of stores for their needs, but off late every shopping mall seems to be overflowing with people of different ages- from children to adults. With globalization at its peak and paving a way for the international brands, people now feel that they can get anything that they want in these shopping malls be it electronic goods, apparel and consumer durables. For the past few years researchers have been working to establish a relationship between shopping in malls and the income level of people. The reason for conducting such a research is to find out which sections of the society (lower middle class or higher middle class) do a lot of shopping in the malls. But yet, not many people will be comfortable in sharing their income details as it is personal. This is the area which tests the researchers, as to how they will be able to establish a positive relationship between the two. BACKGROUND AND SCOPE OF STUDY: This study will be conducted with the aim to develop a relationship between shopping in malls and the income level of people. The study primarily focuses on the consumers buying behavior in a mall. It helps us to understand the mindset of the consumers, by which we can develop more products according to their needs. For this study the Spencers Plaza mall will be chosen. Primary data, which is the feedback received directly from the consumers, will be collected and represented in statistical form. The outcome so obtained will be analyzed and possible conclusions will be drawn. Recently, there has been a tremendous increase in the number of shopping malls in Chennai. The reason for the sudden upheaval of so many shopping malls can be related to globalization taking its pace. The growth factors for the shopping malls are the conscious citizens who prefer a sophisticated environment to shop and also with so many international brands making its presence in India, it has created the need to establish a place which has everything within one roof. The concept of shopping malls in India is largely gaining popularity as it attracts customers by way of excellent ambience, style and elegance, having the potential to make one shop and enjoy the experience as well. Spencers Plaza, Big Bazzar, Ampa skywalk, City Centre are the big players today. Adding to the list are the upcoming Chennai Central, Ramee Mall etc. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY: To conduct an in depth study on consumer buying behavior in a shopping mall To identify the relation between the income pattern and shopping in the mall among the selected samples. To know what the average consumer prefers to buy today from the samples selected. To gain information regarding consumers monthly income, general buying preferences, visiting preferences and the expectations of a mall among the selected samples. To establish a correlation between consumers income level and shopping in malls. HYPOTHESIS: Null Hypothesis: Ho: Shopping in the mall and consumer income is not related. Alternate Hypothesis: Ha: Shopping and consumer income is related METHODOLOGY: SAMPLING DESIGN AND TOOLS: The study will be conducted among people visiting Spencers Plaza mall. The type of sampling used for the study will be Stratified Sampling, as there will be a difference among the people pertaining to age, occupation and income level. Data will be collected by way of Primary and Secondary data. Primary data will be collected by way of a questionnaire, and a field survey of a sample will be conducted in some of the busiest areas in Chennai such as T. Nagar, Adyar, Nungambakkam and Alwarpet. Consumers will be directly approached and presented with a questionnaire which will be designed to gain information on their monthly income, general buying preferences, visiting preferences and expectations of a mall. Secondary source of data will be collected by way of magazines, internet news articles, journals and other sites. The type of the research carried out will be an exploratory research, as it gives first hand information, which is primary data and often more reliable than secondary data . The data collected from samples will be tabulated, analyzed and interpreted for results. DATA ANALYSIS: The collected data will be analyzed statistically. The ‘Chi- Square test or the ‘Goodness of fit test will be used to test the null hypothesis. The Chi Square test will be of help in determining the difference between the observed and the expected values. A ‘Correlation analysis will be done to test the relationship between shopping in malls and consumers income level. For simplifying the analysis of the collected data, the data will be tabulated and presented graphically for easier understanding as well. POSSIBLE OUTCOMES: A clear understanding of consumer dimensions and mindset Customer loyalty programs to be emphasized upon as it is a significant factors A clear picture of the indicators which creates a drive to purchase in the consumers can be understood. The relationship between shopping in malls and income level, if any, will be established LIMITATIONS OF STUDY: While working on this project I will have to face some difficulties while collecting data. The samples will be collected only from one shopping mall, and hence preference of mall cannot be generalized. People may not be interested and comfortable in providing family income details. They may consider it to be personal to disclose such details. It may be difficult to get all the respondents to answer in the sample, as they may not be willing to spend time to answer the questionnaire. Time constraint will also be one of the limitations of the study as verification of all the responses collected from consumers will not be possible.

El Ninos Wrath :: essays research papers

El Nino’s Wrath Microscopic, photosynthetic phytoplankton produce seventy one percent of the world’s Oxygen. A reduction in the world’s phytoplankton population would be detrimental to all terrestrial and aquatic life. The event known as El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a complex interplay between the ocean and the atmosphere causing a reversal in the trade winds, which in turn moves warm water masses to opposite sides of the Pacific Ocean. Better known for it’s atmospheric effects, El Nino also plays an important role in reducing the phytoplankton population. El Nino halts the process of upwelling, which moves nutrient rich water from the deep, up to the surrface. Upwelling is essential for the production of phytoplankton. Without phytoplankton as the base of the food chain in the ocean, all other aquatic life would cease to exist. El Nino can be attributed to the increase of global warming caused by Carbon Dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. El Nino will continue to i ncrease proportionaly to the Earth’s rising temperature and thus, reducing the world’s phytoplankton population; resulting in catastrophic ecological effects as the base of the ocean’s food chain continues to be destroyed. Winds affect upwelling. Winds that blow along the coasts of North and South America drag the water along with them. â€Å"The Earth’s rotation then deflects the resulting surface currents away from the coastlines.† (Wallace 11) Because the surface water moves away, colder, nutrient-rich water comes up from below and replaces the previous warm water, a phenomenon known as upwelling. (Wallace 11) Basically, the wind blows towards the equator and the rotation of the Earth pulls the water away from land similar to the way a cube of ice stays in one place as you rotate a glass of water. The glass could be interpreted as the Earth, and the ice cube as the mass of water. Relative to the glass, the ice or water stays in one spot as the glass or Earth rotates around. The winds that blow along the equator also affect the properties of upwelled water and also the food chain. â€Å"Without wind, the dividing layer between the warm surface water and the deep cold water, known as the thermocline, would be nearly flat; but the winds drag the surface water westward, raising the thermocline nearly all the way up to the surface in the east and depressing it in the west. The cold water below the thermocline is rich in nutrients.

Stonehenge :: essays research papers

In the hill country of northern England, many sites of Stonehenge exist. Approximately 150 to 200 enormous stones lie stacked on top of each other forming somewhat of an altar. Tall stones stand upright surrounding the center stone which is bluestone. This is unlike the sandstone columns which surround it. This may not seem unusual at first; however, there are three main factors that make Stonehenge extremely odd. Each of these stones weigh close to 4 tons. There are also no other stones in a radius of 15 miles. With today’s sophisticated equipment the moving of these large stones would not be difficult, but one must remember, Stonehenge was built approximately 4800 B.C. Radiocarbon dating shows that these stone structures are older than the great pyramids of Egypt, and the large cities of Rome. Of course Stonehenge is not as advanced as the great pyramids but it was built in an area which wasn’t as advanced as the Egyptians or Romans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The outside stones are made completely of sandstone, this is at least 18 miles from the site where the sandstone was quarried from. Each stone stands upright and are expertly balanced. Stones of the same composition and size, rest on top forming a circular structure. In the middle of these stones, giant pieces of bluestone lay on the ground in â€Å"horse shoe† like shapes. These stones are also called spotted dolorite, and are not found within a 225 mile radius. In the very center, a piece of Welsh sandstone lay as a monument.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most interesting facts about Stonehenge is that it is perfectly lined up with the winter (December 21) and summer (June 21) solstices. This is when the beginning of summer and winter when the Earth’s axis changes. As the sun rises over the horizon on those two days, its rays go through a small hole in one of the rocks. The alignment is perfect. The other significant characteristic of these prehistoric masterpieces, is that absolutely no mortar or cement exists throughout the entire structure. These huge stones lay balanced on top of each other with no glue or substance to hold them together. The only thing that stops these gargantuan stones from falling is a simple system of joints. Originally these structures were thought to be circles. In fact, many people still think they are circular; however, they are not. Some have flattened sides, some are hexagonal and some are elliptical. This is not easy to see with the naked eye which is why so

Mm578 Consumer Behavior Course Project Explanation Essay

To help you create a graduate-level submission, the following additional insights are provided to help you learn and to facilitate a high quality written submission. You are asked to choose a consumer product or service about which you either know something or on which you can find good research. You may use either a product/service with which you are actively involved in your business or one from another business. This project supports all of the Terminal Course Objectives in the course. This assignment is due on Sunday of Week SEVEN via the Dropbox. No late papers will be accepted. You are to create a thorough, tightly focused Marketing Strategy that focuses on consumer behavior for either a product or a service. To help you in the process, Appendix B is available on page 738 of our course text. The sections below that are highlighted in BLUE text are found in Appendix B. The insights provided in Appendix B should be very helpful as you assess your paper’s intended content. Those sections not highlighted receive this instructor’s additional perspectives in the â€Å"Additional Instructions† area. Develop a tightly focused, strategically-oriented paper. I will be seeking your depth and breadth of your findings and arguments that communicate via your logical, business-oriented writing that you are a thinking, educated, marketer. As you create your paper, please NUMBER each section so that I can easily determine on which one of the seven (7) sections you are writing. You want to demonstrate in-depth critical thinking, provide examples, and support your assertions with legitimate scholarly resources. Use APA citations each and any time that you have referenced scholarly content. NOTE:Wikipedia. com or Answers. com or other similar â€Å"general go-to-us-for-a-fast-answer† websites are not considered scholarly resources. Please do not use these. Demonstrate scholarly research that utilizes respected resources that identify the subject-matter-expert by name. NOTE:No more than 25-30% of your Course Project should come from external sources. Although this is a research paper, I am more interested in learning YOUR perspectives, based on your analysis. After all, this is a paper that YOU are writing. All assignments are submitted to Turnitin. comâ„ ¢ to ensure originality of work. Thus at least 70%+ of your paper’s content comes from your fingertips and demonstrates your synthesis of content reviewed, your critical analysis, critical thinking, and application of key concepts that you have learned from our MM578 textbook. Papers that are a collection of cobbled-together snippets from other websites will not earn a passing grade and when minimal adult learner synthesis and minimal original content is apparent. Your Course Project asks you to utilize the following seven topics as headings for clarity, as well as subtopics as subheadings. Please clearly label each Heading and Subheading in your paper. Headings and SubheadingsAdditional Instructions 1: Market Analysis †¢Company †¢Customers †¢Competitors †¢Conditions Market Analysis (continued)Utilize concepts from your MM522 Marketing Management course and Chapter ONE of our MM578 Consumer Behavior etext book to complete this section. Describe your Company and your Customers.

Memories of a Childhood’s Slavery Day Essay

In Memories of Childhood’s Slavery Days, Annie Burton was born into slavery in 1858 on a plantation outside of Clayton, Alabama and raised by her mistress after her mother ran away. She grew up during the Civil War and remembers her early days on the plantation. After being set free, Burton’s mother returned for her children. Annie was hired as a nanny by Mrs. E. M. Williams, who taught her how to read and write. After her mother died, Annie took responsibility for her three younger siblings and moved to Boston in 1879. She later moved to Georgia and then Jacksonville, Florida, where she worked in a restaurant before returning to Boston. In 1888, she married, and ran a boarding house with her husband. She began taking evening classes at the Franklin Evening School, and the headmaster, Frank Guild, suggested that each of the students write their life story. It was this suggestion that gave Burton the push to write her autobiography. Burton’s Memories of Childhood’s Slavery Days (1909) is divided into four parts. In the first section, called â€Å"Recollections of a Happy Life,† Burton talks about her childhood on the plantation in Alabama and her marriage to Samuel H. Burton. In the second section, â€Å"Reminiscences,† Burton reflects on being set free and the way it changed her life. The third section, â€Å"Vision† gives a detailed account of Burton’s religious change. Burton also includes an essays and poems she wrote. â€Å"The memory of my happy, care-free childhood days on the plantation, with my little white and black companions, is often with me. Neither master nor mistress nor neighbors had time to bestow a thought upon us, for the great Civil War was raging. That great event in American history was a matter wholly outside the realm of our childish interests. Of course we heard our elders discuss the various events of the great struggle, but it meant nothing to us. Burton talks about knowing that the Civil War was going on but not being old enough to know or care about it. She also calls it a â€Å"great† event in American history. Though it may not have been to white Southerners, it was day slaves were waiting for. She also states that : â€Å"There are hidden wrongs perpetrated by the whites against the negro race that will never be brought to light until the race owns and controls its own daily newspapers which alone have the power to discover and enthrone truth, thus becoming a safe guide to all honest seekers of facts respecting the race whether from a moral, educational, political or religious field. To carry out the plans suggested, whether viewed from an intellectual, industrial, commercial, or editorial standpoint, the world must acknowledge that to-day the negro race has the men and women, who are true to their race and all that stands for negro progress. †

Big Mountain High School Case Study Analysis Education Essay

Big Mountain High School serves over 1450 pupils in grades 10-12. Large Mountain is the lone high school in the county, and besides the largest high school in the province. Its geographical location is known for its wilderness and beauty. Because of its location it is mostly a rural territory where many of the attending pupils commute more than 30 stat mis every twenty-four hours to have day-to-day direction. The population of the school ranges from diverse socio-economic backgrounds. As evidenced in the instance, 40 % of the pupils will travel on to go toing 4-year colleges, while 20 % of the pupils attend 2-year colleges. For pupils that are non college edge, as an excess educational option, the territory provides them with a vocational plan ( Smith A ; Louis, Winter 1999 ) . The Superintendent of the territory is Mr. Bob Carpenter a indigen of the territory. He has been the overseer for four old ages and he is described as being magnetic, a individual who makes determinations and gets things done. He is extremely respected amongst the instructors and staff because he meets straight with the instructors and listens to what they have to state. Mr. Carpenter is besides described as utilizing a bottom-up leading manner doctrine. The chief Mr. Vogel has held the place for 15 old ages. He is known as being a dedicated manager, candid and carnival to his staff. Mr. Vogel besides adopted a bottom-up leading manner doctrine. Some nevertheless, see him to be â€Å" crusty and impersonal † and even unapproachable. He makes hiring determinations, nominates the section chairs, normally communicates with instructors in short staff meetings, and maintains that disposal has full authorization over the processs and policies in the school. The sections at Big Mountain high school were given entire authorization and liberty as how they distribute the instruction assignments, how course of study and direction is designed and they besides make the determinations on budget allotments. Meetings between the principal and section caputs are non regular events, they normally meet one time every three hebdomads and the meetings are normally really short. Finally, there are the instructors. The territory ranks the highest paid among other territories in the province, supplying the territory with a big pool of extremely qualified appliers. Teachers at Big Mountain command how they teach, have small or no treatments over learning methods, the type of direction, and have small or no input in the determination doing procedure that takes topographic point in the school. Faculty is divided and with really small interdisciplinary engagement. There are several leading issues present in the instance. The major issues revolve around the ability of the leading to expeditiously take the school during a much needed alteration. In the instance of the mandated course of study alteration as required by the province, the treatments of the new course of study raised personal and pedagogical differences amongst the module. If the end of the leading is to further growing and alter the way in which the school is traveling, it would be wise for the leading to take a human resource frame attack as discussed in Bolman A ; Deal, where under the human resource frame, leaders provide and foster equal engagement in the determination devising ( Bolman A ; Deal, 2008 ) . At Big Mountain, the caputs of section have a significant sum of influence and authorization, and are perceived by the module as decision makers and determination shapers. These differences in power have led to a deficiency of interdisciplinary engagement between section caputs and module members where Hargreaves A ; Fink refer to as, traditional power blocks ( Hargreaves A ; Fink, April 2004 ) . This deficiency of interdisciplinary engagement and the misinterpretation of a collaborative leading, as become a top-down hierarchy leading, instead than a sensed bottom-up leading as expressed by the chief Mr. Vogel. It is obvious that the principal in this school will non be developing meaningful relationships with the staff. His neglect for the sentiments of the instructors during his short module meetings, along with his important leading manner resemble what Fullan ( 2001 ) describes as coercive and bossy leading. As the freshly appointed caput for the Language Arts Department, Mr. Chester non merely appointed to the commission merely those who agree with him, he besides restricted the engagement from the instructors that will be implementing the course of study. By making so, he derailed Bolman A ; Deal ‘s model attack, and the construct of the structural frame where the attempts of groups and persons are coordinated, and besides the human resource frame, where affecting others gives them a sense of belonging and ownership ( Bolman A ; Deal, 2008 ) . Even though ab initio the principal shared the determination devising with the commission, he rapidly reversed that determination and decided to do the determinations himself. However, subsequently he decided to name Chester to take the new alterations commission to implement the new course of study. One once more his rushed determination was made without the engagement and the input from the instructors, go forthing it small room to win and showing the deficiency of communicating and alliance edifice, necessary when turn toing alteration ( Kanter, Summer 1999 ) . As the overseer, Bob Carpenter was non of much aid to the principal in set uping and developing a successful civilization of committed members within the organisation. Although important and magnetic, his strong interaction accomplishments, the ability to construct relationships while run intoing with instructors and listening to their concerns when the principal was non supportive, have earned him the regard of the instructors, minimising the authorization of the principal. As the overseer, Bob failed as a function theoretical account, and a wise man to the principal. He came across as holding his ain political docket, showing the deficiency of his leading qualities. Qualities required when constructing a successful organisation. Recommendations for Improvement Inspiring leaders have the ability to turn schools about. On the other manus mediocre leaders can alter the civilization of a school and hinder the patterned advance of successful enterprises that may be ongoing within an organisation driven by its members. â€Å" A civilization of alteration consists of great celerity and nonlinearity, on one manus and every bit great potency for originative discoveries on the other. The paradox is that transmutation would non be possible without attach toing muss † ( Fullan, 2001, p. 31 ) . It is obvious that muss is in the hereafter of Big Mountain. Changes are inevitable, and a complete restructuring of the school is recommended. From the overseer, to principal, to section leaders, and to instructors, all fail to develop a collaborative and cohesive work environment. In the instance, the prostration was initiated from the top-down where is lacked sustainable leading. Hargreaves ( 2009 ) describes five obstructions that impede effectual leading and should be addressed in the restructuring procedure of Big Mountain. The obstructions impede the successful execution of the restructuring when sequence is ill planned, sequence passages are severely managed, sequence is frequently on the incorrect frequence, sequence planning fails to see the emotional facets, and in conclusion sequence is non treated as a systemic job. Sequence in leading is an of import facet when reconstituting an organisation and it is frequently overlooked, weakening the long term alterations for a successful turn-around. Large Mountain could profit of an increased stableness in leading. It was evident that neither the overseer nor the principal were wholly dedicated to the school and its vision. The overseer and the principal could hold been more proactive in edifice and set uping a common vision for the school. Constructing a systemic leading is another of import facet that should be taken into consideration. The overseer should work on developing unfastened lines of communicating with other successful schools in the territory, and develop partnerships with the other schools where information is shared, and thoughts are exchanged leting schools to assist each other and ultimately addition accomplishment. Another recommendation involves the development of a distributed leading and the creative activity of managers for the new leading. Bolman A ; Deal ( 2008 ) depict the human resource frame, where the overseer and the principal would put more accent on constructing personal relationships, and the sc hool would profit from the constitution of an unfastened and true bottom-up leading manner doctrine. Because more and more disposal is comprised of first-time leaders, giving support to new leaders will relieve the emotional emphasis associated with the place. Supplying good back uping managers will assist the new leaders with the troubles that come with the new administrative function. A concluding option is to maintain the position quo of the school. However, without alterations in leading, the instability that exists amongst the staff will stay and will go on to decline. Leadership stableness can be improved by leading sequence, and this may be accomplished by administering successful leaders across schools in the territory and developing a support web that will help overseers, principals and instructors throughout the territory. â€Å" Successful sequence is about turning and linking leading throughout a system, non merely happening the right tantrum for single leaders. † And â€Å" Permanent betterment seldom exists without leading stableness or successful sequence. Effective sequence is a strategic challenge but non an unsurmountable 1 † ( Hargreaves A ; Fink, April 2004 ) . Mentions Bolman, L. G. , A ; Deal, T. E. ( 2008 ) .Reframing organisations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Fullan, M. ( 2001 ) .Leading in a civilization of alteration. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Hargreaves, A. ( 2009 ) . Leadership Succession and Sustainable Improvement.School Administrator, 66 ( 11 ) , 10-15. Retrieved from ERIC database. Hargreaves, A. , A ; Fink, D. ( April 2004 ) . The Seven Principles of Sustainable Leadership.Educational Leadership, 61 ( 7 ) , 8-13. Kanter, M. ( Summer 1999 ) . The Enduring Skill of Change Leaders.Leader to Leader Journal( 13 ) , 15-22. Smith, B. , A ; Louis, L. ( Winter 1999 ) . Case 2: Changes at Big Mountain High School [ Abstract ] .Journal of Cases in Educational LeadershiP, 2 ( 1 ) , 1-2. Big Mountain High School Case Study Analysis Education Essay Big Mountain High School serves over 1450 pupils in grades 10-12. Large Mountain is the lone high school in the county, and besides the largest high school in the province. Its geographical location is known for its wilderness and beauty. Because of its location it is mostly a rural territory where many of the attending pupils commute more than 30 stat mis every twenty-four hours to have day-to-day direction. The population of the school ranges from diverse socio-economic backgrounds. As evidenced in the instance, 40 % of the pupils will travel on to go toing 4-year colleges, while 20 % of the pupils attend 2-year colleges. For pupils that are non college edge, as an excess educational option, the territory provides them with a vocational plan ( Smith A ; Louis, Winter 1999 ) . The Superintendent of the territory is Mr. Bob Carpenter a indigen of the territory. He has been the overseer for four old ages and he is described as being magnetic, a individual who makes determinations and gets things done. He is extremely respected amongst the instructors and staff because he meets straight with the instructors and listens to what they have to state. Mr. Carpenter is besides described as utilizing a bottom-up leading manner doctrine. The chief Mr. Vogel has held the place for 15 old ages. He is known as being a dedicated manager, candid and carnival to his staff. Mr. Vogel besides adopted a bottom-up leading manner doctrine. Some nevertheless, see him to be â€Å" crusty and impersonal † and even unapproachable. He makes hiring determinations, nominates the section chairs, normally communicates with instructors in short staff meetings, and maintains that disposal has full authorization over the processs and policies in the school. The sections at Big Mountain high school were given entire authorization and liberty as how they distribute the instruction assignments, how course of study and direction is designed and they besides make the determinations on budget allotments. Meetings between the principal and section caputs are non regular events, they normally meet one time every three hebdomads and the meetings are normally really short. Finally, there are the instructors. The territory ranks the highest paid among other territories in the province, supplying the territory with a big pool of extremely qualified appliers. Teachers at Big Mountain command how they teach, have small or no treatments over learning methods, the type of direction, and have small or no input in the determination doing procedure that takes topographic point in the school. Faculty is divided and with really small interdisciplinary engagement. There are several leading issues present in the instance. The major issues revolve around the ability of the leading to expeditiously take the school during a much needed alteration. In the instance of the mandated course of study alteration as required by the province, the treatments of the new course of study raised personal and pedagogical differences amongst the module. If the end of the leading is to further growing and alter the way in which the school is traveling, it would be wise for the leading to take a human resource frame attack as discussed in Bolman A ; Deal, where under the human resource frame, leaders provide and foster equal engagement in the determination devising ( Bolman A ; Deal, 2008 ) . At Big Mountain, the caputs of section have a significant sum of influence and authorization, and are perceived by the module as decision makers and determination shapers. These differences in power have led to a deficiency of interdisciplinary engagement between section caputs and module members where Hargreaves A ; Fink refer to as, traditional power blocks ( Hargreaves A ; Fink, April 2004 ) . This deficiency of interdisciplinary engagement and the misinterpretation of a collaborative leading, as become a top-down hierarchy leading, instead than a sensed bottom-up leading as expressed by the chief Mr. Vogel. It is obvious that the principal in this school will non be developing meaningful relationships with the staff. His neglect for the sentiments of the instructors during his short module meetings, along with his important leading manner resemble what Fullan ( 2001 ) describes as coercive and bossy leading. As the freshly appointed caput for the Language Arts Department, Mr. Chester non merely appointed to the commission merely those who agree with him, he besides restricted the engagement from the instructors that will be implementing the course of study. By making so, he derailed Bolman A ; Deal ‘s model attack, and the construct of the structural frame where the attempts of groups and persons are coordinated, and besides the human resource frame, where affecting others gives them a sense of belonging and ownership ( Bolman A ; Deal, 2008 ) . Even though ab initio the principal shared the determination devising with the commission, he rapidly reversed that determination and decided to do the determinations himself. However, subsequently he decided to name Chester to take the new alterations commission to implement the new course of study. One once more his rushed determination was made without the engagement and the input from the instructors, go forthing it small room to win and showing the deficiency of communicating and alliance edifice, necessary when turn toing alteration ( Kanter, Summer 1999 ) . As the overseer, Bob Carpenter was non of much aid to the principal in set uping and developing a successful civilization of committed members within the organisation. Although important and magnetic, his strong interaction accomplishments, the ability to construct relationships while run intoing with instructors and listening to their concerns when the principal was non supportive, have earned him the regard of the instructors, minimising the authorization of the principal. As the overseer, Bob failed as a function theoretical account, and a wise man to the principal. He came across as holding his ain political docket, showing the deficiency of his leading qualities. Qualities required when constructing a successful organisation. Recommendations for Improvement Inspiring leaders have the ability to turn schools about. On the other manus mediocre leaders can alter the civilization of a school and hinder the patterned advance of successful enterprises that may be ongoing within an organisation driven by its members. â€Å" A civilization of alteration consists of great celerity and nonlinearity, on one manus and every bit great potency for originative discoveries on the other. The paradox is that transmutation would non be possible without attach toing muss † ( Fullan, 2001, p. 31 ) . It is obvious that muss is in the hereafter of Big Mountain. Changes are inevitable, and a complete restructuring of the school is recommended. From the overseer, to principal, to section leaders, and to instructors, all fail to develop a collaborative and cohesive work environment. In the instance, the prostration was initiated from the top-down where is lacked sustainable leading. Hargreaves ( 2009 ) describes five obstructions that impede effectual leading and should be addressed in the restructuring procedure of Big Mountain. The obstructions impede the successful execution of the restructuring when sequence is ill planned, sequence passages are severely managed, sequence is frequently on the incorrect frequence, sequence planning fails to see the emotional facets, and in conclusion sequence is non treated as a systemic job. Sequence in leading is an of import facet when reconstituting an organisation and it is frequently overlooked, weakening the long term alterations for a successful turn-around. Large Mountain could profit of an increased stableness in leading. It was evident that neither the overseer nor the principal were wholly dedicated to the school and its vision. The overseer and the principal could hold been more proactive in edifice and set uping a common vision for the school. Constructing a systemic leading is another of import facet that should be taken into consideration. The overseer should work on developing unfastened lines of communicating with other successful schools in the territory, and develop partnerships with the other schools where information is shared, and thoughts are exchanged leting schools to assist each other and ultimately addition accomplishment. Another recommendation involves the development of a distributed leading and the creative activity of managers for the new leading. Bolman A ; Deal ( 2008 ) depict the human resource frame, where the overseer and the principal would put more accent on constructing personal relationships, and the sc hool would profit from the constitution of an unfastened and true bottom-up leading manner doctrine. Because more and more disposal is comprised of first-time leaders, giving support to new leaders will relieve the emotional emphasis associated with the place. Supplying good back uping managers will assist the new leaders with the troubles that come with the new administrative function. A concluding option is to maintain the position quo of the school. However, without alterations in leading, the instability that exists amongst the staff will stay and will go on to decline. Leadership stableness can be improved by leading sequence, and this may be accomplished by administering successful leaders across schools in the territory and developing a support web that will help overseers, principals and instructors throughout the territory. â€Å" Successful sequence is about turning and linking leading throughout a system, non merely happening the right tantrum for single leaders. † And â€Å" Permanent betterment seldom exists without leading stableness or successful sequence. Effective sequence is a strategic challenge but non an unsurmountable 1 † ( Hargreaves A ; Fink, April 2004 ) . Mentions Bolman, L. G. , A ; Deal, T. E. ( 2008 ) .Reframing organisations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Fullan, M. ( 2001 ) .Leading in a civilization of alteration. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Hargreaves, A. ( 2009 ) . Leadership Succession and Sustainable Improvement.School Administrator, 66 ( 11 ) , 10-15. Retrieved from ERIC database. Hargreaves, A. , A ; Fink, D. ( April 2004 ) . The Seven Principles of Sustainable Leadership.Educational Leadership, 61 ( 7 ) , 8-13. Kanter, M. ( Summer 1999 ) . The Enduring Skill of Change Leaders.Leader to Leader Journal( 13 ) , 15-22. Smith, B. , A ; Louis, L. ( Winter 1999 ) . Case 2: Changes at Big Mountain High School [ Abstract ] .Journal of Cases in Educational LeadershiP, 2 ( 1 ) , 1-2.